How to Find a Specific String or Word in Files and Directories

Do you want to find all files that contain a particular word or string of text on your entire Linux system or a given directory. This article will guide you on how to do that, you will learn how to recursively dig through directories to find and list all files that contain a given string of text.

A simple way to work this out is by using grep pattern searching tool, is a powerful, efficient, reliable and most popular command-line utility for finding patterns and words from files or directories on Unix-like systems.

Read Also: 11 Advanced Linux ‘Grep’ Commands on Character Classes and Bracket Expressions

The command below will list all files containing a line with the text “check_root”, by recursively and aggressively searching the ~/bin directory.

$ grep -Rw ~/bin/ -e 'check_root'

Find a Word in Directory

Where the -R option tells grep to read all files under each directory, recursively, following symbolic links only if they are on the command line and option -w instructs it to select only those lines containing matches that form whole words, and -e is used to specify the string (pattern) to be searched.

You should use the sudo command when searching certain directories or files that require root permissions (unless you are managing your system with the root account).

 
$ sudo grep -Rw / -e 'check_root'	

To ignore case distinctions employ the -i option as shown:

$ grep -Riw ~/bin/ -e 'check_root'

If you want to know the exact line where the string of text exist, include the -n option.

$ grep -Rinw ~/bin/ -e 'check_root'

Find String with Line Number

Assuming there are several types of files in a directory you wish to search in, you can also specify the type of files to be searched for instance, by their extension using the --include option.

This example instructs grep to only look through all .sh files.

$ grep -Rnw --include=/*.sh ~/bin/ -e 'check_root'

In addition, it is possible to search for more than one pattern, using the following command.

$ grep -Rinw ~/bin/ -e 'check_root' -e 'netstat'

Find Multiple Words in Files

That’s It! If you know any other command-line trick to find string or word in files, do share with us or ask any questions regarding this topic, use the comment form below.