How to Set or Change Hostname in CentOS 7

A computer hostname represents a unique name that gets assigned to a computer in a network in order to uniquely identify that computer in that specific network. A computer hostname can be set to any name you like, but you should keep in mind the following rules:

• hostnames can contain letters (from a to z).
• hostnames can contain digits (from 0 to 9).
• hostnames can contain only the hyphen character ( – ) as special character.
• hostnames can contains the dot special character ( . ).
• hostnames can contain a combination of all three rules but must start and end with a letter or a number.
• hostnames letters are case-insensitive.
• hostnames must contains between 2 and 63 characters long.
• hostnames should be descriptive (to ease identifying the computer purpose, location, geographical area, etc on the network).

In order to display a computer name in CentOS 7 and RHEL 7 systems via console, issue the following command. The -s flag displayed the computer short name (hostname only) and the -f flag displays the computer FQDN in the network (only if the computer is a part of a domain or realm and the FQDN is set).

# hostname
# hostname -s
# hostname -f

You can also display a Linux system hostname by inspecting the content of /etc/hostname file using the cat command.

# cat /etc/hostname

In order to change or set a CentOS 7 machine hostname, use the hostnamectl command as shown in the below command excerpt.

# hostnamectl set-hostname your-new-hostname

In addition to hostname command you can also use hostnamectl command to display a Linux machine hostname.

# hostnamectl

In order to apply the new hostname, a system reboot is required, issue one of the below commands in order to reboot a CentOS 7 machine.

# init 6
# systemctl reboot
# shutdown -r

A second method to setup a CentOS 7 machine hostname is to manually edit the /etc/hostname file and type your new hostname. Also, a system reboot is necessary in order to apply the new machine name.

# vi /etc/hostname

A third method that can be used to change a CentOS 7 machine hostname is by using Linux sysctl interface. However, using this method to change machine name results in setting-up the machine transient hostname.

The transient hostname is a special hostname initialized and maintained only by the Linux kernel as an auxiliary machine name in addition to he static hostname and doesn’t survive reboots.

# sysctl kernel.hostname
# sysctl kernel.hostname=new-hostname
# sysctl -w kernel.hostname=new-hostname

To display machine transient hostname issue the below commands.

# sysctl kernel.hostname
# hostnamectl

Finally, the hostnamectl command can be used to achieve the following hostname setups: –pretty, –static, and –transient.

Although, there are other more specific ways to change a Linux machine hostname, such as issuing nmtui command or manually editing some configuration files specific to each Linux distribution (/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ethX for CentOS), the above rules are general available regardless of the used Linux distribution.